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écritures ; Déroche, Manuscripts of the Qur ýÿn . Cf. E. Rezvan, art. Orthography in Jane
Dammen McAuliffe (ed.), Encyclopaedia of the Qur"ýÿn (5 vols, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2003),
vol. 3, pp. 604 8; Solagne Ory, art. Calligraphy in Encyclopaedia of the Qur"ýÿn, vol. 3, pp.
279 86.
88 See generally Gruendler, Arabic Scripts; cf. Grohman, Arabic Papyri, pp. 83 4.
89 Note that the manuscript shows places in which the scribe apparently forgot to leave
enough space for placing the one-verse symbols when he went back over the text to do so. I
suppose this to have been the process given all the other evidence suggesting that the same
scribe who wrote the text placed the one-verse symbols, and that there are places where a one-
verse symbol has been squeezed in between ayas. One such instance appears in this section
similar to the instance at Q. 18:18 discussed above (a single column of six strokes). This time,
instead of Scribe A s usual two columns of three vertical strokes, there is just one column of
four strokes. It does not make sense that Scribe A intended to drop that verse-symbol, since to
do so at that and other such points in the manuscript would depart from any known system,
122 Journal of Qur anic Studies
including that of Øimß. For other examples of squeezed in verse-ending symbols, see
Q. 14:5 (f. 30a.10), Q. 13:35 (f. 29b.10), Q. 18:25 (f. 44a.17), Q. 18:26 (f. 44a.21), Q. 18:66
(f. 46a.22), Q. 19:54 (f. 49b.2), Q. 19:68 (f. 50a.2), Q. 20:17 (f. 51.5). Grohman, Arabic
Papyri, pp. 83 4, mentions that these dots appeared in the form of short dashes in early
Qur ans.
90 The first scribe (A) includes no right foot-serif on his alifs; the second scribe (B) does.
Scribe A s lýÿm-alif is somewhat angular at the bottom, with a relatively narrow gap between
the two stems; Scribe B s is formed with a loop at the bottom and has a wide gap between its
two stems. Scribe A s initial j1m/Ûýÿ"/khýÿ" is formed with a straight diagonal stroke above the
line connected to the right of a vertical line extending left; Scribe B s diagonal stroke has a
slight concave curve. The tail of Scribe A s nün/ßýÿd/"ýÿd/s1n/sh1n is a downward curve with a
tuck to the left and uniform line-thickness. Scribe B stops a bit short on the tuck, and turns
the pen for a taper.
91 Each rosette is red, except at Q. 7:121, where it is brown with a faded reddish tinge. The
number of dots vary, depending on the amount of space available from seven to nine dots, as
in Q. 7:131 and Q. 7:141, to as many as twelve, as in Q. 7:71, Q. 8:10, Q. 10:44. (a rosette
consisting of a red circle surrounding the one-verse symbol and a series of dots in turn
surrounding it).
92 Dots inside: Q. 7:81 161 (but note that Q. 7:121 is illegible); Q. 8:40 60 (perhaps);
Q. 8:70 9:89; and not Q. 10:15 and Q. 10:30 (which are the oddly placed symbols, discussed
above); and nowhere after. The solid circle of the problematic rosette at Q. 10:15 (f. 15a) is
unusually thick as if traced over more than once, as is the one that follows it at Q. 10:30 (f.
16a). Perhaps these were later additions to fill lacunae one mistaken (Q. 10:15 instead of
Q. 10:20) and the other correct (Q. 10:30). Indeed, some rosettes (e.g. throughout ff. 43a b)
are missing altogether.
93 Q. 7:101 (f. 3b), 201 (f. 7b); Q. 10:101 (f. 18b); Q. 11:101 (f. 23a); Q. 16:100 (f. 37a);
Q. 17:101 (f. 42b); Q. 18:104 (f. 47b); Q. 20:98 (f. 53a). At Q. 12:100 (f. 27a), the bottom left
corner of the folio is cropped and badly blurred. An additional mark can be made out above
the last word of the verse (al-Ûak1m). Though it is very blurred, this presumably was the 100-
verse symbol. At Q. 21:101 (f. 58a), the only other hundredth verse in the facsimile, there is
no distinguishing mark other than a one-verse symbol at this point.
94 For example, at Q. 7:101 the dots of the circular single-verse count are oddly connected in
brown ink, as if they were the start of a brown rosette (like the brown hýÿ" above) that did not
receive its surrounding dots. The ten-verse rosette at Q. 7:201 has clearly been erased and the
100-verse hýÿ" placed atop the one-verse symbol. At Q. 10:101, no attempt has been made to
erase the ten-verse rosette, perhaps because it is so intertwined with the surrounding letters
(nün of the preceding verse, fýÿ" of the following verse, and the stems of the lýÿm-alif from the
verse below) that doing so would compromise the text. Thus, only in this instance does the
ten-verse rosette appear along with the 100-verse hýÿ". The presence of the rosette may explain
the additional note mi"a (the only instance of this) to ensure that a reader does not
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