[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
1. takeaway takeaway
2. talcum powder talcum powder
3. tank engine tank engine
4. tonic water tonic water
5. top drawer top drawer
6. touch-type touch-type
7. totem-pole totem-pole
8. trapdoor trapdoor
9. tumbleweed tumbleweed
10. tumble-drier tumble-drier
11. tunnel vision tunnel vision
12. typewriter typewriter
12 Alternative pronunciations with different stress
Some words have alternative pronunciations which differ from the main pronunciation only in
their stress. The alternative stress pattern is shown using blocks to represent syllables.
e.g. codriver ÈkYŠ drajv Y ª%Ȫ%ª%
"
(The blocks stand for: ÌkYŠ Èdrajv Y)
EXERCISES 64-66
AIM: To understand the conventions used to show alternative pronunciations with different stress. To
identify alternative pronunciations when you hear them.
EXERCISE 64
a. Look at the dictionary entries shown below. Listen to the cassette. For each word, the main
and alternative pronunciations are given.
1. absolute Èæb sY luÐt ̪%ª%Ȫ%
2. backgammon Èbæk gæm Yn ª%Ȫ%ª%
"
3. backpedal, back-pedal Ìbæk Èped Yl ª% ª%ª%
"
4. caviar, caviare Èkæv i QР̪%ª%Ȫ%
5. cigarette Ìsjg Y Èret Ȫ%ª%ª%
6. manageress Ìmæn j¤ Y Ères Ȫ%ª%ª%ª%
7. submarine n, adj ÈsŒb mY riÐn ̪%ª%Ȫ%
8. ÌAdam s Èapple Ȫ%ª% ª%ª%
"
9. ÌIce Ècream, Ȫ%ª%
10. Ìradio aÈlarm Ȫ%ª%ª% ª% ª%
"
b. Listen to the words on the cassette. For each word, circle the appropriate stress pattern
shown in a. above.
EXERCISE 65
The words and phrases below all have an alternative stress pattern given in the dictionary
a. Mark what you think are the main and alternative stress patterns. The first one is done for you.
1. value added tax ̪%ª% ª%ª%Ȫ% 8. violin ª%ª%ª%
"
2. vaseline ª%ª%ª% 9. violinist ª%ª%ª%ª%
3. velveteen ª%ª%ª% 10. Virgin Islands ª%ª%ª%ª%
!09B «@B5D0:B» http://www.uploadphiles.com 35
!09B «@B5D0:B» http://freedownloadinfo.org
4. verifiable ª%ª%ª%ª%ª% 11. vivisect ª%ª%ª%
5. vicereine ª%ª% 12. vocal cords ª%ª%ª%
6. video cassette ª%ª%ª%ª%ª% 13. voiceover ª%ª%ª%
7. video cassette recorder ª%ª%ª%ª%ª%ª%ª%ª% 14. Voltaire ª%ª%
b. Look up the words in the dictionary to check. Correct your marking if necessary.
c. Listen to the sentences below, on the cassette. For each of the words or phrases underlined,
identify whether the stress pattern used is that of the main pronunciation or the alternative. Circle
the correct letter - M for main, or A for alternative. The first one is done for you.
(M)/A M/A
1. Is value added tax charged on video-cassettes?
M/A M/A M/A
2. My neighbour is a violinist. She plays a violin made in the Virgin Islands.
M/A
3. Old leather books can be preserved by treating the surface with vaseline, and wrapping them in
M/A
velveteen.
M/A
4. I was once offered a job doing a voiceover for a television advertisement. The pay was
M/A
marvellous, but I developed an infection of the vocal cords and couldn't do it.
M/A
5. 'Who said that the only meaningful statements are those which are verifiable by sense
M/A
experience?' 'It sounds like Voltaire.'
Some words have alternative pronunciations involving differences in both stress and sounds.
Consider a word with an unstressed syllable containing a weak vowel e.g. the first syllable of
applicable Y Èpljk Y bYl
An alternative pronunciation which stresses the first syllable will contain a strong vowel instead of
the weak vowel: æp Èljk Y bYl
EXERCISE 66
a. Can you give two pronunciations of the following words? Say and write what you think.
1. harass Èhær Ys hY Èræs 6. controversy ...............
2. brochure ............... 7. decade ...............
3. clandestine ............... 8. kilometre ...............
4. communal ............... 9. primarily ...............
5. contribute ............... 10. subsidence ...............
b. Look up the words in the dictionary to check. Notice the stressed syllables and the
vowels which are different. Correct your versions, if necessary. Notice which is the main
pronunciation.
c. Listen to four sentences, which include the words below, on the cassette. For each word,
transcribe the pronunciation you hear, and say whether it is given in the dictionary as the main
(M) or alternative (A) pronunciation. The first one is done for you.
1. brochure ÈbrYŠƒ Y M 6. communal ...............
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]